Primary non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac: a rare case of aggressive tumor and literature review.

Primary malignant lymphomas of the lacrimal sac are rare neoplasms. They are mainly B-cell lymphoma with nonspecific and atypical symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis and a delay in the appropriate cure. Early diagnosis made by biopsy and the right choice of treatments can increase the chance of survival.

Impact of ultrasonographic features, cytomorphology and mutational testing on malignant and indeterminate thyroid nodules on diagnostic accuracy of fine needle cytology samples: A prospective analysis of 141 patients.

Objective: Fine needle cytology (FNC) is the first-line diagnostic method to determine the benign or malignant nature of thyroid nodules. The gray zone of cytological classifications remains, however, a crucial and challenging area for cytopathologists.

Design, Patients And Measurements: In the present study, 141 thyroid cytological samples, with ultrasonographic suspicious features, have been prospectively analysed.

Paralogous HOX13 Genes in Human Cancers.

Hox genes (HOX in humans), an evolutionary preserved gene family, are key determinants of embryonic development and cell memory gene program. Hox genes are organized in four clusters on four chromosomal loci aligned in 13 paralogous groups based on sequence homology (Hox gene network). During development Hox genes are transcribed, according to the rule of "spatio-temporal collinearity", with early regulators of anterior body regions located at the 3' end of each Hox cluster and the later regulators of posterior body regions placed at the distal 5' end.

Noncoding RNAs within the HOX gene network in tumor pathogenesis and progression.

HOX genes are involved with normal development, cell identity, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy as well as with diseases such as tumor pathogenesis and progression. In particular, the genes belonging to HOX paralogous 13 seem to carry out a relevant role in both tumor development and disease progression. In recent years, several noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) sequences have been identified in HOX loci, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), highly conserved during evolution.