Frequency of neuro-psychiatric dysfunction in anti-SSA/SSB exposed children with and without neonatal lupus.

Neonatal lupus is a model of passively acquired autoimmunity whereby anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibodies target the fetal heart and neonatal skin in a minority of cases. Since neuro-psychiatric impairment has been reported in humans and mice exposed prenatally to a variety of maternal autoantibodies including anti-Ro/La, this study was initiated to evaluate the potential neurotoxic effects of these specific autoantibodies and the overall frequency of autoimmune diseases, general health, and somatic growth of children with neonatal lupus and their unaffected siblings. In addition to the general health questionnaires maintained on family members enrolled in the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus (RRNL), specific questionnaires related to neuro-psychiatric development were sent to all mothers whose children (both affected and unaffected) were older than 5 years of age.

Recurrence rates of cardiac manifestations associated with neonatal lupus and maternal/fetal risk factors.

Objective: Identifying the frequency of recurrent cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus (NL) in a second child is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of anti-SSA/Ro-mediated injury and would improve counseling strategies regarding future pregnancies and power the design of clinical prevention trials. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to address the recurrence rates of cardiac NL and associated risk factors in a large US-based cohort.

Methods: Families enrolled in the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus were evaluated for rates of recurrence of cardiac NL and potential risk factors, with a focus on pregnancies immediately following the birth of an affected child.

Disease progression in mothers of children enrolled in the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus.

Objective: To evaluate autoimmune disease progression in asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic mothers of children with neonatal lupus (NL).

Methods: Clinical information on mothers enrolled in the Research Registry for NL (RRNL) was obtained from medical records. Genotyping was performed for -308A/G tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, 869T/C transforming growth factor (TGF)beta and -889C/T interleukin (IL)1alpha.

Long-term followup of children with neonatal lupus and their unaffected siblings.

Objective: To determine in a longitudinal cohort study whether children with varied manifestations of neonatal lupus or their unaffected siblings later develop autoantibodies and/or rheumatic diseases.

Methods: To obtain information on the health of children ages >or=8 years who had manifestations of neonatal lupus (affected group) and their unaffected siblings (unaffected group), questionnaires were sent to mothers (with anti-SSA/Ro and/or anti-SSB/La antibodies) who were enrolled in the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases/Hospital for Joint Diseases Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus. Children of healthy mothers referred by the Registry enrollees comprised the control group.