Modified Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet Maintains Remission in Pediatric Crohn's Disease; Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background & Aims: The Crohn's Disease (CD) Exclusion Diet (CDED)+Partial Enteral Nutrition (PEN) is effective for inducing remission in mild-moderate CD. We assessed whether a 2-week course of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN), followed by CDED+PEN is superior to 8 weeks of EEN in sustaining clinical remission at week 14 in mild-to-severe CD and if CDED+PEN can maintain remission to week 24.

Methods: This international, multicenter, randomized-controlled trial compared 2-weeks of EEN (Modulen®IBD) followed by 3 phases of the CDED+PEN (henceforth CDED) to 8 weeks of EEN, followed by PEN with free diet up to week 24 (henceforth EEN).

A High-Throughput Droplet-based Method to Facilitate Microbial Conjugation.

Droplet microfluidic platforms have been broadly used to facilitate DNA transfer in mammalian and bacterial hosts via methods such as transformation, transfection, and conjugation, as introduced in our previous work. Herein, we recapitulate our method for conjugal DNA transfer between strains in a droplet for increased conjugation efficiency and throughput of an otherwise laborious protocol. By co-incubating the donor and recipient strains in droplets, our method confines cells into close proximity allowing for increased cell-to-cell interactions.

Single-View Fluoroscopic X-Ray Pose Estimation: A Comparison of Alternative Loss Functions and Volumetric Scene Representations.

Many tasks performed in image-guided procedures can be cast as pose estimation problems, where specific projections are chosen to reach a target in 3D space. In this study, we construct a framework for fluoroscopic pose estimation and compare alternative loss functions and volumetric scene representations. We first develop a differentiable projection (DiffProj) algorithm for the efficient computation of Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) from either Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) or neural scene representations.

Percutaneous CT-Guided Deep Neck Access.

Computed tomography guidance enables deep neck biopsies beyond the range of ultrasound and spares the patient more invasive open surgery. This review article describes proper patient preparation, devices, and techniques. Cases illustrate the favored access routes in the suprahyoid neck including the subzygomatic, retromandibular, transfacial, submastoid, transoral, and posterior approaches, as well as in the infrahyoid neck including the anterolateral and posterolateral approaches.