Divergent groove gratings: wavelength scanning in fixed geometry spectrometers.

A new geometric scheme translates a diffraction grating along the straight central groove of an exponentially curved pattern. Lit by a stationary incident beam, the two-dimensional pattern scales isotropically, scanning wavelength without change to any angles, macroscopic distances, curvatures or aberrations. This is exemplified by a new class of self-focused grating monochromator, analyzed by rigorous light-path expansion and numerical raytracing.

Characteristics and scaling of tungsten-wire-array z -pinch implosion dynamics at 20 MA.

We present observations for 20-MA wire-array z pinches of an extended wire ablation period of 57%+/-3% of the stagnation time of the array and non-thin-shell implosion trajectories. These experiments were performed with 20-mm-diam wire arrays used for the double- z -pinch inertial confinement fusion experiments [M. E.

Profiled bar transmission gratings: soft-x-ray calibration of new Kirchoff solutions.

A new analytical model, derived rigorously from scalar diffraction theory, accurately fits soft-x-ray measurements of symmetrical profile gold transmission gratings in all diffracted orders. The calibration system selects numerous photon energies by use of a high-resolution grazing-incidence monochromator and a dc e-beam source. Fine-period free-standing gratings exhibit limited performance and require such testing to determine parameters of and select acceptable gratings for use in time-resolved (0.

Surface normal rotation: a new technique for grazing-incidence monochromators.

A class of fixed-slit monochromator that scans wavelength over a broad region using a grazing-incidence diffraction grating that rotates about its surface normal is described.

In-focus monochromator: theory and experiment of a new grazing incidence mounting.

Unlabelled: A varied-space grating mounted to both rotate and translate constitutes a practical single element fixed slit monochromator which is in focus at all wavelengths.

Keywords: Monochromators, diffraction gratings, grazing incidence, x-ray optics.