Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) allows for the dissection of the cell type-specific transcriptional profiles of tissue specimens. In this study, we compared gene expression in multiple brain cell types in brain tissue from Alzheimer disease (AD) cases with no or other co-existing pathologies including Lewy body disease (LBD) and vascular disease (VaD).

Method: We evaluated differential gene expression measured from single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data generated from the hippocampus region tissue donated by 11 BU ADRC participants with neuropathologically confirmed AD with or without a co-existing pathology (AD-only = 3, AD+VaD = 6, AD+LBD = 2).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Sleep disturbances are associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary tauopathies. We have previously shown that APOE4, the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, directly influences the severity of key pathological hallmarks of neurodegeneration including tau deposition, microglial reactivity and brain atrophy. Sleep loss influences tau accumulation and microglial reactivity in both mice and humans, suggesting that sleep loss may contribute to neurodegeneration not only by influencing protein aggregation, but also through an immune mechanism.

Psychiatric morbidity among SARS and COVID-19 survivors at 30 months post-infection.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19 are both highly infectious diseases that cause severe respiratory illness. This study aimed to compare survivors of SARS and COVID-19 and identify factors associated with long-term psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult Chinese survivors of SARS and COVID-19 who had been admitted to the United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.