The Role of CCL Chemokines in Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL3 impact retinal function decline and inflammation during Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis.

Methods: Experimental endophthalmitis was initiated by intravitreal injection of 5000 colony-forming units of S. aureus into the eyes of C57BL/6J, CCL2-/-, or CCL3-/- mice.

Virulence-related genotypic differences among ocular and gastrointestinal isolates and the relationship to endophthalmitis pathogenesis.

Background: can cause self-limiting gastrointestinal infections, but when infecting the eye, can cause rapid and irreversible blindness. This study investigated whether clinical ocular and gastrointestinal isolates differed in terms of virulence-related genotypes and endophthalmitis virulence.

Methods: Twenty-eight ocular, gastrointestinal, and laboratory reference isolates were evaluated.

TNF is a critical cytokine in age-related dry eye disease.

Aging is a complex biological process that is characterized by low-grade inflammation, called inflammaging. Aging affects multiple organs including eye and lacrimal gland. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in inflammation, activation of proteases such as cathepsin S, and formation of ectopic lymphoid organs.

Ocular Bacterial Infections: A Ten-Year Survey and Review of Causative Organisms Based on the Oklahoma Experience.

Ocular infections can be medical emergencies that result in permanent visual impairment or blindness and loss of quality of life. Bacteria are a major cause of ocular infections. Effective treatment of ocular infections requires knowledge of which bacteria are the likely cause of the infection.

Therapeutic potential of phage lysin PlyB in ocular infections.

Bacteriophage lytic enzymes (i.e., phage lysins) are a trending alternative for general antibiotics to combat growing antimicrobial resistance.