Pervasive fitness trade-offs revealed by rapid adaptation in large experimental populations of .

Life-history trade-offs are an inherent feature of organismal biology that evolutionary theory posits play a key role in patterns of divergence within and between species. Efforts to quantify trade-offs are largely confined to phenotypic measurements and the identification of negative genetic-correlations among fitness-relevant traits. Here, we use time-series genomic data collected during experimental evolution in large, genetically diverse populations of to directly measure the manifestation of trade-offs in response to temporally fluctuating selection pressures on ecological timescales.

Dominance reversal protects large-effect resistance polymorphisms in temporally varying environments.

A central challenge in evolutionary biology is to uncover mechanisms maintaining functional genetic variation in heterogeneous environments . Population genetics theory suggests that beneficial reversal of dominance, where alleles are dominant when beneficial and recessive when deleterious, can help maintain such variation in temporally varying environments . However, empirical examples are scarce due to difficulties in measuring dominance in fitness in field experiments .

X-ray sources for in situ wavelength calibration of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometers.

X-ray sources for a range of wavelengths are being considered for in situ calibration of X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometers (XICSs) and for monitoring line shifts due to changes in the crystal temperature, which can vary during experimental operation over a day [A. Ince-Cushman et al., Rev.

Learning from each other: Cross-cutting diagnostic development activities between magnetic and inertial confinement fusion (invited).

Inertial Confinement Fusion and Magnetic Confinement Fusion (ICF and MCF) follow different paths toward goals that are largely common. In this paper, the claim is made that progress can be accelerated by learning from each other across the two fields. Examples of successful cross-community knowledge transfer are presented that highlight the gains from working together, specifically in the areas of high-resolution x-ray imaging spectroscopy and neutron spectrometry.