Involvement of Substance P (SP) and Its Related NK1 Receptor in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) Pathogenesis.

Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily attacks the lacrimal and salivary glands, resulting in impaired secretory function characterized by xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Patients with pSS have been shown to have impaired salivary gland innervation and altered circulating levels of neuropeptides thought to be a cause of decreased salivation, including substance P (SP). Using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence studies, we examined the expression levels of SP and its preferred G protein-coupled TK Receptor 1 (NK1R) and apoptosis markers in biopsies of the minor salivary gland (MSG) from pSS patients compared with patients with idiopathic sicca syndrome.

Post-COVID-19 Anosmia and Therapies: Stay Tuned for New Drugs to Sniff Out.

Anosmia is defined as the complete absence of olfactory function, which can be caused by a variety of causes, with upper respiratory tract infections being among the most frequent causes. Anosmia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection has attracted attention given its main role in symptomatology and the social impact of the pandemic. We conducted systematic research in a clinicaltrials.

Neurons, Nose, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Olfactory Function and Cognitive Impairment.

Olfactory capacity declines with aging, but increasing evidence shows that smell dysfunction is one of the early signs of prodromal neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The study of olfactory ability and its role in neurodegenerative diseases arouses much interest in the scientific community. In neurology, olfactory impairment is a potential early marker for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.

A young boy with ventricular arrhythmias and thyroid dysgenesis: two genes are not enough?

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may be caused by biallelic variants in the TSHR gene. CH due to thyroid dysgenesis has also been linked to pathogenic variants of the nucleotide kinase 2, homeobox 5 (NKX2-5) gene, which can also cause sudden cardiac death from ventricular arrhythmia. In particular, the NKX2-5 p.

Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proteomic Overview.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Endoscopic methods may be useful in the evaluation of oral injuries even though the diagnostic gold standard is a biopsy. Targeted screenings could be considered the best way to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer.