Full instantaneous de-icing using extensional modes: The role of architectured and multilayered materials in modes decoupling.

Ultrasonic de-icing systems are energy-efficient solutions for ice protection. The systems generate high levels of stress in the ice by inducing vibrations in the substrate, resulting in bulk or adhesive ice failure and, ultimately, ice removal. For this purpose, two types of resonant modes can be excited: flexural and extensional modes.

Genome-wide analysis of factors regulating gene expression in liver.

In recent decades, multiple individual genes have been studied with respect to their level of expression in liver tissue and in many cases substantial progress has been made in identifying individual factors promoting gene expression in liver. However, the overall picture is still undefined and general rules or factors regulating gene expression in liver have not yet been established. Thus, a genome-wide screen for factors regulating gene expression in liver is of high interest, as it may reveal common regulatory mechanisms for most genes highly expressed in liver.

[Drug therapy of coronary heart disease--are therapeutic guidelines being paid attention to?].

Drug therapy of coronary heart disease (CHD) is a life-long treatment. With every change from in-patient to out-patient care and back, changes in medication may occur. If a drug is chosen which provides no proven long-term benefit in terms of reduced morbidity and mortality, the expected therapeutic benefit may be missed.

Comparison of three-dimensional virtual endoscopy with bronchoscopy in patients with oesophageal carcinoma infiltrating the tracheobronchial tree.

Virtual endoscopy (VE) is a technique for performing simulated bronchoscopy using helical CT data of the tracheobronchial tree. In order to evaluate a virtual three-dimensional (3D) endoluminal procedure for the tracheobronchial tree, comparison was made between bronchoscopy, axial CT images and minimal intensity projections (MIP). 21 patients were referred for helical CT because of oesophageal carcinoma shown by bronchoscopy to infiltrate into the trachea or bronchi.

[Bronchoscopically controlled percutaneous puncture tracheotomy].

With extending duration of translaryngeal intubation the rate of lesions in the oral cavity, pharynx and trachea caused by the orotracheal tube increase. To prevent these complications ventilated patients receive early tracheostomy. PDT is an alternative procedure to the conventional, surgically performed tracheostomy.