Widespread Frequent Methane Emissions From the Oil and Gas Industry in the Permian Basin.

Emissions of methane (CH) in the Permian basin (USA) have been derived for 2019 and 2020 from satellite observations of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) using the divergence method, in combination with a data driven method to estimate the background column densities. The resulting CH emission data, which have been verified using model data with known emissions, have a spatial resolution of approximately 10 km. The CH emissions show moderate spatial correlation with the locations of oil and gas production and drilling activities in the Permian basin, as well as with emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO).

The potential of a constellation of low earth orbit satellite imagers to monitor worldwide fossil fuel CO emissions from large cities and point sources.

Background: Satellite imagery will offer unparalleled global spatial coverage at high-resolution for long term cost-effective monitoring of CO concentration plumes generated by emission hotspots. CO emissions can then be estimated from the magnitude of these plumes. In this paper, we assimilate pseudo-observations in a global atmospheric inversion system to assess the performance of a constellation of one to four sun-synchronous low-Earth orbit (LEO) imagers to monitor anthropogenic CO emissions.

Deep Learning for Industrial Computer Vision Quality Control in the Printing Industry 4.0.

Rapid and accurate industrial inspection to ensure the highest quality standards at a competitive price is one of the biggest challenges in the manufacturing industry. This paper shows an application of how a Deep Learning soft sensor application can be combined with a high-resolution optical quality control camera to increase the accuracy and reduce the cost of an industrial visual inspection process in the Printing Industry 4.0.

On the morphological variability of tracks and evolution of locomotion in the sistergroup of amniotes.

tracks with a relatively short pedal digit V (digit length ratio V/IV < 0.6) form the majority of yet described Late Carboniferous to Early Permian diadectomorph tracks and can be related to a certain diadectid clade with corresponding phalangeal reduction that includes and its close relatives. Here we document the variation of digit proportions and trackway parameters in 25 trackways (69 step cycles) from nine localities and seven further specimens with incomplete step cycles from the type locality of (Gottlob quarry) in order to find out whether this type of tracks represents a homogeneous group or an assemblage of distinct morphotypes and includes variability indicative for evolutionary change in trackmaker locomotion.

Feather-like development of Triassic diapsid skin appendages.

Of the recent sauropsid skin appendage types, only feathers develop from a cylindrical epidermal invagination, the follicle, and show hierarchical branching. Fossilized integuments of Mesozoic diapsids have been interpreted as follicular and potential feather homologues, an idea particularly controversially discussed for the elongate dorsal skin projections of the small diapsid Longisquama insignis from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan. Based on new finds and their comparison with the type material, we show that Longisquama's appendages consist of a single-branched internal frame enclosed by a flexible outer membrane.