Placental Pathology Findings and the Risk of Intraventricular and Cerebellar Hemorrhage in Preterm Neonates.

Placental pathology as a predisposing factor to intraventricular hemorrhage remains a matter of debate, and its contribution to cerebellar hemorrhage development is still largely unexplored. Our study aimed to assess placental and perinatal risk factors for intraventricular and cerebellar hemorrhages in preterm infants. This retrospective cohort study included very low-birth weight infants born at the Gaslini Children's Hospital between January 2012 and October 2016 who underwent brain magnetic resonance with susceptibility-weighted imaging at term-equivalent age and whose placenta was analyzed according to the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement.

KI-67 heterogeneity in well differentiated gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: when is biopsy reliable for grade assessment?

Purpose: Ki-67 heterogeneity can impact on gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor grade assignment, especially when tissue is scarce. This work is aimed at devising adequacy criteria for grade assessment in biopsy specimens.

Method: To analyze the impact of biopsy size on reliability, 360 virtual biopsies of different thickness and lengths were constructed.

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia: A marker of low-grade inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome?

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in adult patients undergoing colonoscopy and its association with known diseases.

Methods: We selected all cases showing NLH at colonoscopy in a three-year timeframe, and stratified them into symptomatic patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms or suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and asymptomatic individuals undergoing endoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Data collection included medical history and final diagnosis.

Grade Increases in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Metastases Compared to the Primary Tumor.

Background/aim: The neuroendocrine tumor (NET) proliferation-based grading system (ENETS/WHO) for gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tumors has proved reliable for prognostic stratification. To date, concerns exist regarding Ki-67 heterogeneity within the tumor and little is known on whether grade varies between primary and secondary sites. As tumor heterogeneity may have a significant impact on clinical management, our aim was to retrospectively evaluate Ki-67 on a series of GEP NETs in order to establish whether there is variability in different samples of the same lesion or between primary and metastatic disease (local/distant, synchronous/metachronous).