Structural Variation Detection and Analysis Using Bionano Optical Mapping.

The need to accurately identify the complete structural variation profile of genomes is becoming increasingly evident. In contrast to reference-based methods like sequencing or comparative methods like aCGH, optical mapping is a de novo assembly-based method that enables better realization of true genomic structure. It allows for independently detecting balanced and unbalanced structural variants (SVs) from separate alleles and for discovering de novo events.

Comparison of the effectiveness of 4 anti-inflammatory drops in relieving photophobia after pupil dilation.

Purpose: To compare the relative effectiveness of diclofenac, flurbiprofen, ketorolac, and prednisolone acetate in relieving photophobia after pupil dilation for fundus examination.

Setting: Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Methods: This prospective, blind, placebo-controlled study comprised 105 patients randomly assigned to 1 of 10 treatment groups.

Retinal cartography. An analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional mapping of the retina.

The current two-dimensional (2D) retinal drawing chart is an azimuth equidistant representation of the retina. The distortion produced by this chart was analyzed and compared to other 2D projections, such as stereographic, equal area, and orthographic maps of the retina. Circumferential distortion was calculated for lesions at varying distances from the macula using the azimuth equidistant retinal map and was found to increase exponentially as a function of the distance from the macula.

Growth cone distribution patterns in the optic nerve of fetal monkeys: implications for mechanisms of axon guidance.

The distribution of growth cones was studied in the optic nerve of monkeys during the first half of prenatal development using quantitative electron microscopic methods. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that ganglion cell growth cones extend predominantly along the surfaces of the nerve, just beneath the pia mater. A complete census of growth cones in cross sections of the nerve during the early phase of axon ingrowth, from embryonic day 39 (E39) to E41, demonstrates that growth cones are scattered within the majority of fascicles, even those located far from the surface of the nerve.