Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: diagnosis and treatments update.

Purpose Of Review: To review current advances in the diagnosis and therapy of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.

Recent Findings: A new T-cell subset (Th17) may play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory disease when stimulated by the interleukin (IL)-23, thus producing IL-17. Recent developments of new imaging techniques, such as high-resolution optical coherence tomography 3 scanner (OCT3), have allowed greater accuracy in VKH disease diagnosis.

Repeated peribulbar injections of triamcinolone acetonide: a successful and safe treatment for moderate to severe Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of peribulbar triamcinolone injections to treat inflammatory signs of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) in patients with moderate to severe GO and associated optic neuropathy (ON).

Methods: Twenty-one patients with active GO [clinical activity score (CAS) > or = 4] and systemic thyroid disease under control were enrolled in this prospective pilot study. Peribulbar triamcinolone acetonide was injected in each orbit (42 eyes), in four doses of 20 mg at 2-week intervals.

Treatment of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy with periocular injections of triamcinolone.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of periocular triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), and the presence of ocular or systemic adverse effects.

Methods: A multicentre prospective pilot study was performed on patients diagnosed with Graves' ophthalmopathy less than 6 months before entry to the study. Patients were admitted to the study and were randomised into two groups: treatment and control.

[Color vision in school children: evaluation of a new test].

OBJECTIVE: To compare standard color vision test results (Ishihara test) with a new test developed by the authors ("crayon" test) for the detection of congenital dyschromatopsia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 712 children from three public schools and one private school in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Children with learning disabilities, or systemic and ocular diseases were excluded from this random sample.

The child with divergence paresis.

Divergence paralysis is a rare clinical entity that causes a comitant esotropia at distance. While this is usually benign and self-limited, there are reports of divergence paralysis associated with brain tumors, central nervous system syphilis, trauma, and multiple sclerosis. We studied a 14-year-old girl who presented with diplopia and was found to have divergence paralysis.