Real-world effectiveness of upadacitinib in Crohn's disease: a UK multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Background: Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor, which has recently been approved for treating Crohn's disease. There are limited real-world studies on the outcomes of upadacitinib in Crohn's disease.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of upadacitinib in a real-world Crohn's disease cohort.

Exploring FGFR3 Mutations in the Male Germline: Implications for Clonal Germline Expansions and Paternal Age-Related Dysplasias.

Delayed fatherhood results in a higher risk of inheriting a new germline mutation that might result in a congenital disorder in the offspring. In particular, some FGFR3 mutations increase in frequency with age, but there are still a large number of uncharacterized FGFR3 mutations that could be expanding in the male germline with potentially early- or late-onset effects in the offspring. Here, we used digital polymerase chain reaction to assess the frequency and spatial distribution of 10 different FGFR3 missense substitutions in the sexually mature male germline.

Partial Extraction Therapy (Part 1): Applications in Full-Arch Dental Implant Therapy.

Partial extraction therapy (PET) is a set of surgical techniques that preserve a portion of the patient's own root structure to maintain blood supply derived from the periodontal ligament complex in order to maintain the periodontium and peri-implant tissues during restorative and implant therapy. PET includes the socket shield technique (SST), proximal shield technique (PrST), pontic shield technique (PtST), and root submergence technique (RST). In a traditional hybrid technique, total extraction and full-arch dental implant therapy often require significant bone reduction and palatal/lingual implant placement.

Serum interleukin-4 is elevated in clinical drug-induced liver injury.

Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a challenging diagnosis due to an absence of specific biomarkers. DILI due to volatile anaesthetics (VA-DILI) is characterised by trifluoroacetyl and CYP2E1 antibodies, but may not be seen for weeks after injury. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) may be involved in the production of these antibodies and may serve as a clinically useful early biomarker of VA-DILI.