Scalable spin squeezing in a dipolar Rydberg atom array.

The standard quantum limit bounds the precision of measurements that can be achieved by ensembles of uncorrelated particles. Fundamentally, this limit arises from the non-commuting nature of quantum mechanics, leading to the presence of fluctuations often referred to as quantum projection noise. Quantum metrology relies on the use of non-classical states of many-body systems to enhance the precision of measurements beyond the standard quantum limit.

Continuous symmetry breaking in a two-dimensional Rydberg array.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking underlies much of our classification of phases of matter and their associated transitions. The nature of the underlying symmetry being broken determines many of the qualitative properties of the phase; this is illustrated by the case of discrete versus continuous symmetry breaking. Indeed, in contrast to the discrete case, the breaking of a continuous symmetry leads to the emergence of gapless Goldstone modes controlling, for instance, the thermodynamic stability of the ordered phase.

Phenotypic heterogeneity and evolution of melanoma cells associated with targeted therapy resistance.

Phenotypic plasticity is associated with non-genetic drug tolerance in several cancers. Such plasticity can arise from chromatin remodeling, transcriptomic reprogramming, and/or protein signaling rewiring, and is characterized as a cell state transition in response to molecular or physical perturbations. This, in turn, can confound interpretations of drug responses and resistance development.

Rural General Surgery: A 38-Year Experience with a Regional Network Established by an Integrated Health System in the Midwestern United States.

Background: General surgeon (GS) workforce shortages are predicted to worsen, particularly in rural areas. We report on a sustainable model for delivery of GS services within a large rural region that includes an integrated health system.

Study Design: We conducted a longitudinal study of a rural GS network from 1978 to 2016.

Improving a regional outreach program in a large health system using geographic information systems.

As government-insured populations grow, commercially insured populations decrease, and declining insurance reimbursements pressure cost and revenue. Health systems must strive to improve quality while lowering costs. Large medical centers with rural sites must understand their geography and how distances impede access to services, thereby affecting patient health.