Minor tumour shrinkage in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas by long-term treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to define safety and efficacy of medical therapy in the treatment of nonfunctioning pituitary tumours.

Design: We studied thirteen patients with a clinically nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma for response to cabergoline treatment for 1 year. Twelve/13 patients were already operated and had residual or recurrent tumours.

[Hepatocellular carcinoma in an additional pedunculated liver lobe in the lower abdomen: differential diagnosis problems].

The case described is that of a 36 years old patient with a known tumor in her lower abdominal cavity which has been observed to increase in size for the passed 16 years. Intraoperatively, one observed a very rare finding of an extra liver lobe of the left liver lobe and located in the lower abdominal cavity. Located within is a multifocal therapeutically treatable hepatocellular cancer.

[Differential diagnostic problems of hepatocellular carcinoma in an abnormal additional liver lobe in the lower abdomen].

This case report describes a 36 years old patient with a known tumor in her lower abdominal cavity which increased in size in the last 16 years. Intraoperatively an additional liver lobe of the left liver located in the lower abdominal cavity was found in combination with a multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma which could be treated curatively.

The dispute about the external sphincter and the urogenital diaphragm.

Purpose: Basic scientific facts, such as anatomical structures, are rarely subjected to critical reappraisal. Nevertheless, several clinical phenomena exist which are inconsistent with the description of the anatomy of the so-called external sphincter muscle and urogenital diaphragm.

Materials And Methods: We performed a global examination of the anatomy of the entire lower urinary tract in 50 male autopsy specimens.