PET Imaging in Bladder Cancer: An Update and Future Direction.

Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography is a powerful tool in bladder cancer management. In this review, we aim to address the current place of the PET imaging in bladder cancer care and offer perspectives on potential future radiopharmaceutical and technological advancements. A special focus is given to the following: the role of [F] 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the clinical management of bladder cancer patients, especially for staging and follow-up; treatment guided by [F]FDG PET/CT; the role of [F]FDG PET/MRI, the other PET radiopharmaceuticals beyond [F]FDG, such as [Ga]- or [F]-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor; and the application of artificial intelligence.

A machine-learning-based combination of criteria to detect bladder cancer lymph node metastasis on [F]FDG PET/CT: a pathology-controlled study.

Objectives: Initial pelvic lymph node (LN) staging is pivotal for treatment planification in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but [F]FDG PET/CT provides insufficient and variable diagnostic performance. We aimed to develop and validate a machine-learning-based combination of criteria on [F]FDG PET/CT to accurately identify pelvic LN involvement in bladder cancer patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients with localized MIBC who performed preoperative [F]FDG PET/CT between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively assigned to training (n = 129) and validation (n = 44) sets.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

The incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma has increased over the past two decades in immunocompetent patients and the prognosis remains poor. A diagnosis and complete evaluation of the patient is needed without delay, but histologic evaluation is not always available and PCNSL can mimic a variety of brain lesions on MRI. In this article, we review the potential role of F-FDG PET for the diagnosis of PCNSL in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

Delayed [ 18 F]-FDG PET Imaging Increases Diagnostic Performance and Reproducibility to Differentiate Recurrence of Brain Metastases From Radionecrosis.

Purpose: Differentiating brain metastasis recurrence from radiation necrosis can be challenging during MRI follow-up after stereotactic radiotherapy. [ 18 F]-FDG is the most available PET tracer, but standard images performed 30 to 60 minutes postinjection provide insufficient accuracy. We compared the diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of [ 18 F]-FDG PET with delayed images (4-5 hours postinjection) with the ones provided by standard and dual-time-point imaging.

What Does PET Imaging Bring to Neuro-Oncology in 2022? A Review.

PET imaging is being increasingly used to supplement MRI in the clinical management of brain tumors. The main radiotracers implemented in clinical practice include [F]FDG, radiolabeled amino acids ([C]MET, [F]FDOPA, [F]FET) and [Ga]Ga-DOTA-SSTR, targeting glucose metabolism, L-amino-acid transport and somatostatin receptors expression, respectively. This review aims at addressing the current place and perspectives of brain PET imaging for patients who suffer from primary or secondary brain tumors, at diagnosis and during follow-up.