Structural and morphological studies, and temperature/frequency dependence of electrical conductivity of BaLaTi NbO perovskite ceramics.

Conductivity measurements of our polycrystalline perovskite ceramic systems with a composition of BaLaTi NbO ( = 5, 7 and 10, in mol%) were performed, in order to investigate frequency and temperature dependence. Our ferroelectric ceramics were fabricated by the molten-salt method (chemical reaction followed by an evaporation and filtration reaction); X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that a single phase was formed for pure BaLT Nb ceramics. The electrical behavior of the ceramics was studied by impedance spectroscopy in the 500-610 K temperature range.

Effect of Pyrrolidinium Formate Ionic Liquid on Micellization of Direct and Reverse Pluronics in Aqueous Solutions.

The behavior of direct and reverse Pluronic, copolymer nonionic surfactants, poly(ethylene oxide) PEO, and poly(propylene oxide) PPO copolymers, in aqueous solution and in the pyrrolidinium formate ([pyrr][F]) ionic liquid, was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy). The study was performed for a fixed Pluronic concentration at room temperature. We showed that in aqueous solution, the spectra associated with the direct and reverse Pluronics are similar irrespective of the difference in length of the various PPO and PEO blocks, their positions and the PPO:PEO ratio.