Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can aid in alleviating clinical symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). To better understand the neural mechanism of the intervention, neuroimaging modalities have been used to assess the effects of rTMS.
Objective: To study the changes in cortical connectivity and motor performance with rTMS at supplementary motor area (SMA) in PD using clinical assessment tools and task-based functional MRI.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disorder with alterations in cortical functional activity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is known to incur motor benefits in PD by inducing motor activity through cortical connectivity, although the mechanisms are unclear. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (at three cortical sites) on functional and structural plasticity were studied in PD to understand inhibitory or excitatory rTMS-induced motor improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive and disabling disorder, so the cost of illness may change with time. We aimed this study to know the annual cost of care of PD in India.
Methods: After ethics approval, a prospective cohort study was conducted at the movement disorder clinic of tertiary care hospital for 2 years (2014-2016).
Iron ore is generally transported using a traditional method that releases significant amounts of dust into the environment. In contrast, the pipeline transportation of slurry is noticeably a sustainable approach for efficiently transporting iron ore by reducing the environmental pollution. The interparticle interaction of the iron ore particles should be mutually repulsive for steady dispersion.
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