Background: Spasticity is a common feature in patients with disruptions in corticospinal pathways. However, the term is used ambiguously. Here, spasticity is defined as enhanced velocity-dependent stretch reflexes and placed within the context of deforming spastic paresis encompassing other forms of muscle overactivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Functional correlates of spastic myopathy, the muscle disorder of spastic paresis, are unknown.
Objective: To explore reciprocal relationships between clinical and structural parameters of plantar flexors with i) ambulation speed, ii) dorsiflexion and plantarflexion torques in chronic hemiparesis.
Methods: Cross-sectional trial in chronic stroke-induced hemiparesis (>6 months).
Due to the increasing pressures on bees, many beekeepers currently wish to move their managed livestock of into little disturbed ecosystems such as protected natural areas. This may, however, exert detrimental competitive effects upon local wild pollinators. While it appears critical for land managers to get an adequate knowledge of this issue for effective wildlife conservation schemes, the frequency of this competition is not clear to date.
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