Field observations of display placement requirements and character size for presbyopic and prepresbyopic computer users.

Background: Computer users continue to report eye and upper body discomfort even as workstation flexibility has improved. Research shows a relationship between character size, viewing distance, and reading performance. Few reports exist regarding text height viewed under normal office work conditions and eye discomfort.

The effect of key size of touch screen virtual keyboards on productivity, usability, and typing biomechanics.

Objective: We investigated whether different virtual keyboard key sizes affected typing force exposures, muscle activity, wrist posture, comfort, and typing productivity.

Background: Virtual keyboard use is increasing and the physical exposures associated with virtual keyboard key sizes are not well documented.

Method: Typing forces, forearm/shoulder muscle activity, wrist posture, subjective comfort, and typing productivity were measured from 21 subjects while they were typing on four different virtual keyboards with square key sizes, which were 13, 16, 19, and 22 mm on each side with 2-mm between-key spacing.

Differences in typing forces, muscle activity, comfort, and typing performance among virtual, notebook, and desktop keyboards.

The present study investigated whether there were physical exposure and typing productivity differences between a virtual keyboard with no tactile feedback and two conventional keyboards where key travel and tactile feedback are provided by mechanical switches under the keys. The key size and layout were same across all the keyboards. Typing forces; finger and shoulder muscle activity; self-reported comfort; and typing productivity were measured from 19 subjects while typing on a virtual (0 mm key travel), notebook (1.

Metacognition following pediatric traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study.

Metacognition is one of the cognitive processes included under the general term executive functions. The executive functions are widely held to be under the control of the prefrontal cortex, an area often damaged after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We examined the metacognitive processing of a group of 9 children with TBI, and a group of 9 healthy, age-matched control children.

Multiple interference effects in short-term recognition memory.

Five experiments, using a probe recognition procedure, examined the codes involved in short-term memory. Interference effects were obtained for probes with an orthographic, associative, or semantic relationship to a memory set item. The orthographic interference effects appeared to result from matches on the basis of abstract letter codes (i.