Biomass derived efficient conversion of levulinic acid for sustainable production of γ-valerolactone over cobalt based catalyst.

Biomass feedstocks offer very promising sustainable production of fuels and chemicals as fossil fuels generate greenhouse gases and are going to become scarce. Nevertheless, establishing value addition to biomass waste to produce commodity chemicals by combining economic and environmental performances is complex. In this context, hydrogenation of biomass based levulinic acid at normal atmospheric reaction conditions using robust cobalt supported on porous heterogeneous catalyst has been studied at 200 °C in a continuous process.

Prospective assessment of trochanteric fracture managed by intramedullary nailing with controlled and limited blade back-out.

Introduction: The main objective of the present prospective study was to assess mechanical complications associated with an original intramedullary nail with limited and controlled blade back-out in the treatment of trochanteric fracture.

Material And Method: All patients treated for trochanteric fracture in a single orthopedic/traumatologic surgery department over a 2-year period were included. Minimum follow-up was 6 months.

Is amputation a viable treatment option in lower extremity trauma?

Introduction: There is currently no consensus on how to treat patients with lower extremity trauma. Should amputation be performed early on to avoid complications or should the limb be saved at any price? The goal of this study was to show that early amputation is a viable treatment option in lower extremity trauma cases.

Material And Methods: Twenty patients who underwent early amputation and 16 patients who underwent limb-salvage were included with a minimum follow-up of 1year.

Free vascularised fibular flap harvesting in children: An analysis of donor-site morbidity.

Background: The free vascularised fibular flap (FVFF) is widely used to treat bone defects, although it must be harvested from a healthy site. The objective of this study was to assess clinical morbidity and radiological changes at the FVFF donor site in children.

Hypothesis: Distal fibular stabilisation using a tibial strut decreases the prevalence of valgus ankle deformity.