Development of a hydrogel-based three-dimensional (3D) glioblastoma cell lines culture as a model system for CD73 inhibitor response study.

Background: Despite the development of various therapeutic approaches over the past decades, the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains a major challenge. The extracellular adenosine-generating enzyme, CD73, is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of GBM, and targeting CD73 may represent a novel approach to treat this cancer. In this study, three-dimensional culture systems based on three hydrogel compositions were characterized and an optimal type was selected to simulate the GBM microenvironment.

The effect of capping agent on morphology, surface functionalization, and bio-compatibility properties of KTiOPO nanoparticles.

KTiOPO (KTP) nanoparticles (NPs) are potential materials as biolabels for long-term imaging. Optimizing their properties can lead to higher imaging efficiency and lower cytotoxicity and side effects. In this study, these nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method and capping agents of oxalic acid and glycine.

On the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by a fabricated porous nano-hydroxyapatite substrate loaded with sodium fluoride.

In the present study, nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) powder was extracted from carp bone waste to fabricate porous n-HA substrates by a molding and sintering process. Subsequently, the substrates were loaded with different amounts of sodium fluoride (NaF) through immersion in NaF suspensions for 10, 7.5, and 5 min.

Optimizing functionally graded tibial components for total knee replacements: a finite element analysis and multi-objective optimization study.

The optimal design of complex engineering systems requires tracing precise mathematical modeling of the system's behavior as a function of a set of design variables to achieve the desired design. Despite the success of current tibial components of knee implants, the limited lifespan remains the main concern of these complex systems. The mismatch between the properties of engineered biomaterials and those of biological materials leads to inadequate bonding with bone and the stress-shielding effect.

Evaluation of new bone formation in critical-sized rat calvarial defect using 3D printed polycaprolactone/tragacanth gum-bioactive glass composite scaffolds.

Critical-sized bone defects are a major challenge in reconstructive bone surgery and usually fail to be treated due to limited remaining bone quality and extensive healing time. The combination of 3D-printed scaffolds and bioactive materials is a promising approach for bone tissue regeneration. In this study, 3D-printed alkaline-treated polycaprolactone scaffolds (M-PCL) were fabricated and integrated with tragacanth gum- 45S5 bioactive glass (TG-BG) to treat critical-sized calvarial bone defects in female adult Wistar rats.