Genetic Diversity, Chemical Constituents, and Bioactivities of from Thailand.

The genus (Capparaceae) comprises 85 woody species distributed across the paleotropics, with some species used in traditional medicine. This study investigated the phylogenetic placement, genetic diversity, and phytochemical composition of , a species native to Indochina. Phylogenetic analyses using and markers confirmed the monophyly of the specimens collected from Thailand.

Chemical composition of anti-microbially active fractions derived from extract of filamentous fungus Keratinophyton Lemmensii including three novel bioactive compounds.

Screening for new bioactive microbial metabolites, we found a novel okaramine derivative, for which we propose the trivial name lemmokaramine, as well as two already known okaramine congeners - okaramine H and okaramine J - responsible for antimicrobial activity of the recently described microscopic filamentous fungus, Keratinophyton lemmensii BiMM-F76 (= CCF 6359). In addition, two novel substances, a new cyclohexyl denominated lemmensihexol and a new tetrahydroxypyrane denominated lemmensipyrane, were purified and characterized. The compounds were isolated from the culture extract of the fungus grown on modified yeast extract sucrose medium by means of flash chromatography followed by preparative HPLC.

Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Swiss stone pine () depend on climate and tree age in natural forests of the Alps.

Background And Aims: represent a typical and important tree species growing in European subalpine and alpine habitats. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities associated to this tree under natural conditions are largely unknown.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the ECM fungal abundance and composition at four high-altitude sites (two northern-exposed and two southern-exposed habitats) in South Tyrol (Italy), and included also two different age classes of .

A mechanistic study on the alleged cellulose cross-linking system: Maleic acid/sodium hypophosphite.

A combination of maleic acid and sodium hypophosphite as a durable press finishing agent has been reported as a safer but equally effective alternative to conventional formaldehyde-based cross-linking agents for applications in cellulose-based fiber and textile finishing. However, the mechanistic details of this system have not yet been fully elucidated to allow optimization of the conditions. Effective cross-linking treatment requires high curing temperatures of ≥160 °C, which enhances oxidative and thermal degradation of cellulose.

Immunity against conserved epitopes dominates after two consecutive exposures to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure histories become increasingly complex through original and variant-adapted vaccines and infections with viral variants. Upon exposure to the highly altered Omicron spike glycoprotein, pre-immunized individuals predominantly mount recall responses of Wuhan-Hu-1 (wild-type)-imprinted memory B (B) cells mostly targeting conserved non-neutralizing epitopes, leading to diminished Omicron neutralization. We investigated the impact of imprinting in individuals double/triple vaccinated with a wild-type-strain-based mRNA vaccine who, thereafter, had two consecutive exposures to Omicron BA.