Novel, standardized sample collection from the brain-nose interface.

Background: Diagnostics for neurodegenerative diseases lack non-invasive approaches suitable for early-stage biochemical screening and routine examination of neuropathology. Biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases pass through the brain-nose interface (BNI) and accumulate in nasal secretion. Sample collection from the brain-nose interface presents a compelling prospect as basis for a non-invasive molecular diagnosis of neuropathologies.

Chronic kidney disease and aging: dissecting the p53/p21 pathway as a therapeutic target.

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are a group of multi-factorial disorders that markedly impair kidney functions with progressive renal deterioration. Aging contributes to age-specific phenotypes in kidneys, which undergo several structural and functional alterations, such as a decline in regenerative capacity and increased fibrosis, inflammation, and tubular atrophy, all predisposing them to disease and increasing their susceptibility to injury while impeding their recovery. A central feature of these age-related processes is the activation of the p53/p21 pathway signaling.

Fish in focus: Navigating organ damage assessment through analytical avenues - A comprehensive review.

Aquatic ecosystems, critical for biodiversity and food production, confront escalating threats from anthropogenic activities like pollution and climate change, impacting fish health. This review outlines various assays used to study organ damage in fish, ranging from traditional histopathology to advanced molecular and biochemical methods. The aim is to guide researchers in selecting suitable assays for their specific questions, considering the advantages and limitations of each technique.

Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary approach to cancer gene editing.

Several molecular strategies based on targeted gene delivery systems have been developed in recent years; however, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduced a new era of targeted gene editing, precisely modifying oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other regulatory genes involved in carcinogenesis. However, efficiently and safely delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cancer cells across the cell membrane and the nucleus is still challenging. Using viral vectors and nanoparticles presents issues of immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low targeting affinity.