Publications by authors named "M B Sztein"
Article Synopsis
- * Innate lymphocytes, particularly NK cells and MAIT cells, play a crucial role in protecting against Typhi infection through IFN-γ production and their interaction with intestinal epithelial cells (EC), which influences immune responses.
- * This study reveals that the absence of EC in cultures leads to increased IFN-γ expression in NK and MAIT cells, along with specific epigenetic changes, highlighting the complex relationship between intestinal cells and immune regulation during Typhi infection.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of circulating T follicular helper cells (cT) in the immune response to Typhi infection, using data from a controlled human infection model.
- Participants who did not develop typhoid disease (NoTD) showed higher frequencies of specific cT subsets (cT2 and cT17) compared to those who developed the disease (TD), particularly a week post-challenge.
- The findings suggest that these cT subsets are associated with the production of anti-Typhi antibodies and could be crucial for developing effective vaccines against typhoid disease.
The mucosal immune system is a critical first line of defense to infectious diseases, as many pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, disrupting the balanced interactions between mucosal cells, secretory molecules, and microbiota in this challenging microenvironment. The mucosal immune system comprises of a complex and integrated network that includes the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). One of its primary responses to microbes is the secretion of IgA, whose role in the mucosa is vital for preventing pathogen colonization, invasion and spread.
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- A Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) with wild-type Salmonella Typhi was set up to study immunity development, revealing that about 55% of volunteers met typhoid diagnosis criteria after infection.
- Intestinal macrophages, which play a crucial role in gut defense, are derived from circulating monocytes rather than tissue-resident progenitors, making them unique compared to macrophages in other organs.
- Changes in circulating monocytes were tracked post-infection, showing that typhoid diagnosis participants had increased activation markers, indicating a heightened immune response, and upregulated molecules to interact with both bacterial antigens and adaptive immune cells.
Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer to Typhi strains from patients with acute and chronic infections: a comparative analysis.
Front Immunol
March 2024
serovar Typhi (. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen, invades the host through the gut to cause typhoid fever. Recent calculations of the typhoid fever burden estimated that more than 10 million new typhoid fever cases occur in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly.
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