Double ipsilateral parathyroid adenomas, with one supernumerary and ectopic at the same time: a case report.

Background: Double adenomas (DA) represents a distinct clinical entity of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). DA may follow various embryologic distribution patterns and could be supernumerary and/or ectopic.

Case Presentation: We describe the first case of PHPT which comes as a result of double ipsilateral adenoma, of which one was both ectopic and supernumerary.

Asymptomatic gastric diverticulum as incidental radiographic finding after surgery for strangulated inguinal hernia: Report of a case.

Introduction: Gastric diverticula consist a rare form of diverticula of the gastrointestinal tract. They can be described as an "out-pouching" protrusion from the gastric wall. They are usually found in patients aged between 20 and 60 years old.

Patterns in the parathyroid response to sodium bicarbonate infusion test in healthy volunteers.

Background: The sodium bicarbonate infusion test evaluates the function of the parathyroid glands. The present study aims to evaluate the range of parathyroid response in healthy individuals and the potential influence of various factors.

Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers were subjected to the test.

Intraoperative stimulation neuromonitoring versus intraoperative continuous electromyographic neuromonitoring in total thyroidectomy: identifying laryngeal complications.

Background: Laryngeal complications occur in thyroidectomies as a result of several factors, but especially because of nerve damage. We compared intraoperative stimulation neuromonitoring (IONM) with intraoperative continuous electromyographic neuromonitoring (IEM) to evaluate their ability to identify postoperative laryngeal complications.

Methods: This prospective clinical trial included 174 patients (348 nerves) who had both IONM and IEM.

Ultrastructural study of the urothelial lysosomal system in patients with transitional cell carcinoma after transurethral resection and interferon therapy.

The epithelial cells of human bladder urothelium contain a prominent lysosomal system on the surface layer which involves autophagic, phagocytotic and excretory processes. The noninvolved urothelium of tumor-bearing patients, however, does not contain this well-developed lysosomal system. Interferon restores the differentiation of the urothelium.