Patient Perspectives in Postlaryngectomy Communication Rehabilitation and Outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate patient-reported outcomes in postlaryngectomy communication rehabilitation.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey study.

Setting: (a) Patients who underwent laryngectomy at a single institution and (b) members of the International Association of Laryngectomees (IAL).

Evidence that variation in root anatomy contributes to local adaptation in Mexican native maize.

Mexican native maize ( ssp. ) is adapted to a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions. Here, we focus specifically on the potential role of root anatomical variation in this adaptation.

A combination of conserved and diverged responses underlies Theobroma cacao's defense response to Phytophthora palmivora.

Background: Plants have complex and dynamic immune systems that have evolved to resist pathogens. Humans have worked to enhance these defenses in crops through breeding. However, many crops harbor only a fraction of the genetic diversity present in wild relatives.

In-Person Clinic Visits After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The utility of routine in-person clinic appointments after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is uncertain, especially after the increase of telehealth visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of routine in-person follow-up for patients undergoing LC prior to changes implemented during the pandemic and to determine whether a return to routine in-person follow-up is warranted.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed follow-up encounters for all patients undergoing LC from April 2018 to February 2020.

Laryngotracheal Reconstruction for Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis.

Laryngotracheal stenosis is the common endpoint for any process that results in the narrowing of the airway at the level of the glottis, subglottis, or trachea. Although endoscopic procedures are effective in opening the airway lumen, open resection and reconstruction can be necessary to reconstitute a functional airway. When resection and anastomosis are insufficient due to extensive length or location of the stenosis, autologous grafts can be used to expand the airway.