MiR302c, Sp1, and NFATc2 regulate interleukin-21 expression in human CD4+CD45RO+ T lymphocytes.

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine with potent regulatory effects on different immune cells. Recently, IL-21 has been contemplated for use in the treatment of cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating human IL-21 gene expression has not yet been described.

Valproate treatment of human cord blood CD4-positive effector T cells confers on them the molecular profile (microRNA signature and FOXP3 expression) of natural regulatory CD4-positive cells through inhibition of histone deacetylase.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immune system homeostasis and tolerance to antigens, thereby preventing autoimmunity, and may be partly responsible for the lack of an appropriate immune response against tumor cells. Although not sufficient, a high expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is necessary for their suppressive function. Recent reports have shown that histones deacetylase inhibitors increased FOXP3 expression in T cells.

Human natural Treg microRNA signature: role of microRNA-31 and microRNA-21 in FOXP3 expression.

Treg are the main mediators of dominant tolerance. Their mechanisms of action and applications are subjects of considerable debate currently. However, a human microRNA (miR) Treg signature has not been described yet.

Dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction secondary to congenital generalized lipodystrophy.

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy, also known as Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, is a very rare hereditary syndrome that is characterized by an almost complete absence of adipose tissue from birth. Cardiac involvement seems to have substantial influence in the long-term prognosis. Herein, we report an apparently unique case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy with cardiac sequelae.