Analysis of agricultural land condition in Western Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2023: the impact of climate change.

Kazakhstan's insufficient food production contributes to its dependency on food imports, highlighting the need for science-based technologies to address land degradation and boost domestic production. The privatisation of land and the establishment of a market economy led to the division of collective farms and significant land fragmentation, resulting in a reduction of agricultural land by 10.6 million ha in the West Kazakhstan region, particularly between 1991 and 2000.

Control of intracellular pH and bicarbonate by CO diffusion into human sperm.

The reaction of CO with HO to form bicarbonate (HCO) and H controls sperm motility and fertilization via HCO-stimulated cAMP synthesis. A complex network of signaling proteins participates in this reaction. Here, we identify key players that regulate intracellular pH (pH) and HCO in human sperm by quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) and kinetic patch-clamp fluorometry.