Neuronal dynamics of cerebellum and medial prefrontal cortex in adaptive motor timing.

Precise temporal control of sensorimotor coordination and adaptation is a fundamental basis of animal behavior. How different brain regions are involved in regulating the flexible temporal adaptation remains elusive. Here, we investigated the neuronal dynamics of the cerebellar interposed nucleus (IpN) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons during temporal adaptation between delay eyeblink conditioning (DEC) and trace eyeblink conditioning (TEC).

Alopecia areata exhibits cutaneous and systemic OX40 activation across atopic backgrounds.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, nonscarring hair-loss disorder associated with significant quality-of-life impairment and limited treatment options. AA has been recently linked to atopy and shown to exhibit both Th1- and Th2-driven inflammation. However, a comprehensive molecular and cellular characterization across blood and scalp compartments in both atopic and nonatopic patients is lacking.

A Rare Case of Thyroidea Ima Arising From the Internal Thoracic Artery and Reaching Up to the Parathyroid Gland.

The thyroidea ima artery (TIA), also known as the Neubauer artery, is a variable artery that takes part in the blood supply of the thyroid gland. The overall prevalence rate of the thyroidea ima artery is 3.3%.

Blood parameters of adult marsh frogs Pelophylax ridibundus (Amphibia: Ranidae) in rice paddies subjected to intense agrochemical use.

We present the results of an in situ study of a set of blood parameters in adult marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas 1771) from populations inhabiting the largest system of rice fields in Bulgaria, the Tsalapitsa rice fields (TRF), under chronic stress conditions. This study was conducted in spring 2022 to assess the health status of TRF frogs compared to that of frogs occupying a reference site (RS). Furthermore, this study also compared the results obtained for the TRF population with those obtained in a study conducted at the exact same location with P.