Diabetic retinopathy: an historical assessment.

Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is a significant cause of new-onset blindness. Diabetic macular changes in the form of yellowish spots and full or partial thickness extravasations through the retina were observed for the first time by Eduard Jäger. In 1855, he published "Beiträge zur Pathologie des Auges" where he included his fundus paintings.

Reopening of failed trabeculectomies with ab interno Nd:YAG laser.

Purpose: To test the efficacy of ab interno Nd:YAG laser in reopening closed trabeculectomies and to specify the factors influencing the success or failure of the revision.

Methods: 27 patients underwent ab interno revision of their failed trabeculectomies with a Q switched, single-shot Cooper Vision 2500 Nd:YAG laser. The cause of obstruction was iris in 12 patients, transparent membrane in sclerectomy in 8 and fibrosis of the scleral flap in the remaining 7.