454 pyrosequencing reveals a shift in fecal microbiota of healthy adult men consuming polydextrose or soluble corn fiber.

The relative contribution of novel fibers such as polydextrose and soluble corn fiber (SCF) to the human gut microbiome and its association with host physiology has not been well studied. This study was conducted to test the impact of polydextrose and SCF on the composition of the human gut microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing and to identify associations among fecal microbiota and fermentative end-products. Healthy adult men (n = 20) with a mean dietary fiber (DF) intake of 14 g/d were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.

Digestive physiological outcomes related to polydextrose and soluble maize fibre consumption by healthy adult men.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate digestive physiological outcomes elicited by functional fibres fed to healthy adult men. A total of twenty-one healthy adult men were utilised in a cross-over design. Each subject received polydextrose (PDX) or soluble maize fibre (SCF) (21 g/d) or no supplemental fibre (no fibre control; NFC) in a snack bar.

Discovery of inhibitors of cell adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells. 1. Selective inhibition of ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression.

A critical early event in the inflammatory cascade is the induced expression of cell adhesion molecules on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells. These adhesion molecules include E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, which serve to recruit circulating leukocytes to the site of the inflammation. These adhesive interactions allow the leukocytes to firmly adhere to and cross the vascular endothelium and migrate to the site of tissue injury.

Diels-alder reactions of hexafluoro-2-butyne with 2-heterosubstituted furans: A facile and general synthesis of 1, 4-disubstituted 2,3-Di(trifluoromethyl)benzenes.

An electron-donating heteroatom substituent at position-2 of a furan promotes regiospecific opening of the 7-oxa bridge of the Diels-Alder cycloadduct with hexafluoro-2-butyne, producing a 4-heterosubstituted 2,3-di(trifluoromethyl)phenol building block in a single step. The phenol and heteroatom substituent are easily transformed to the corresponding iodide or triflate that readily undergoes Heck, Suzuki, and Stille reactions to install a variety of substituents in high yields. This methodology provides a facile and general synthesis of 1,4-disubsituted 2, 3-di(trifluoromethyl)benzenes.

5-Aryl-3-(alkylthio)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles as selective antagonists of strychnine-induced convulsions and potential antispastic agents.

Selected examples from three series of isomeric (alkylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles were prepared and examined for anticonvulsant activity versus strychnine-, maximal-electroshock-, pentylenetetrazole-, and 3-mercaptopropionic-acid-induced seizures in mice. A number of 5-aryl-3-(alkylthio)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles were selective antagonists of strychnine-induced convulsions. The isomeric 3-aryl-5-(alkylthio)- and 5-aryl-3-(alkylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazoles were essentially inactive as anticonvulsants.