Delimitation of Endangered Species (Anura: Telmatobiidae) of the Chilean Salt Puna.

Clarifying the taxonomic status and distribution of endangered species is crucial to their conservation. In this study, we contrasted different lines of evidence (morphology, mtDNA, and nucDNA: microsatellites and SNP) to clarify the taxonomic status of endangered water frog species and unidentified populations that inhabit the Salt Puna in Chile. We studied population differentiation and species divergence by performing morphometric, population genetic and species delimitation analyses.

Leveraging domain knowledge for synthetic ultrasound image generation: a novel approach to rare disease AI detection.

Purpose: This study explores the use of deep generative models to create synthetic ultrasound images for the detection of hemarthrosis in hemophilia patients. Addressing the challenge of sparse datasets in rare disease diagnostics, the study aims to enhance AI model robustness and accuracy through the integration of domain knowledge into the synthetic image generation process.

Methods: The study employed two ultrasound datasets: a base dataset (Db) of knee recess distension images from non-hemophiliac patients and a target dataset (Dt) of hemarthrosis images from hemophiliac patients.

Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Numeracy Score of Latino Populations: Insights from UAS Data.

Background: Educational attainment is a well-established social determinant of various domains of cognitive function across the lifespan. However, the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that the health benefits of educational attainment tend to be weaker for ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites. This phenomenon may reflect the impact of structural inequalities, social stratification, and historical disadvantage.

Psychotropic medication usage in sporadic versus genetic behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: Psychotropic medication (PM) use in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is higher than in other dementias. However, no information exists on whether PM use differs between sporadic and genetic bvFTD.

Methods: We analyzed data from sporadic and genetic bvFTD participants with PM prescriptions in the Advancing Research and Treatment in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects study.

Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.