Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is the association between obesity, diabetes, CKD (chronic kidney disease), and cardiovascular disease. GDF-15 mainly acts through the GFRAL (Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Family Receptor Alpha-Like) receptor. GDF-15 and GDFRAL complex act mainly through RET co-receptors, further activating Ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways through downstream signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction Laparoscopic simulation has been used in many curricula. The United Kingdom (UK) surgical curriculum lacks summative assessment for laparoscopic skills. This study explores surgical trainees' perceptions of using simulated laparoscopic assessment as a summative tool in the UK.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Blood transfusions (BT) are often needed in neurosurgical procedures, especially craniotomies for tumor resections, due to risks of anemia, ischemic brain injury, and hemorrhage. However, BT may increase the risk of perioperative complications. This study aimed to determine the incidence, associated factors, and outcomes of BT in patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumor resection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtificial blood feeding of mosquitoes is essential for their rearing in insectaries as well as for mosquito-borne pathogen transmission experiments. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the different artificial feeding systems available for mosquitoes to synthesize evidence regarding their efficacy in terms of feeding rates and fecundity. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to retrieve 1,822 experimental studies assessing the efficacy of artificial feeding systems.
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