The role of protein kinases in diabetic neuropathic pain: an update review.

Objectives: Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a debilitating symptom of diabetic neuropathy which seriously impairs patient's quality of life. Currently, there is no specific therapy for DNP except for duloxetine and gabapentin that show limited utility in alleviating DNP. The present review aims to discuss the central role of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of DNP and their therapeutic modulation.

Erratum: Realizing Room-Temperature Resonant Tunnel Magnetoresistance in Cr/Fe/MgAlO Quasi-Quantum Well Structures.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901438.

Realizing Room-Temperature Resonant Tunnel Magnetoresistance in Cr/Fe/MgAlO Quasi-Quantum Well Structures.

The quantum well (QW) realizes new functionalities due to the discrete electronic energy levels formed in the well-shaped potential. Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) combined with a quasi-QW structure of Cr/ultrathin-Fe/MgAlO(001)/Fe, in which the Cr quasi-barrier layer confines up-spin electrons to the Fe well, are prepared with perfectly lattice-matched interfaces and atomic layer number control. Resonant peaks are clearly observed in the differential conductance of the MTJs due to the formation of QWs.

Observation of perpendicular exchange bias in an Ir-doped FeO/Co ultrathin film system.

In this work, we investigated the temperature dependence of interface exchange coupling in an Ir-doped FeO/Co system with variations in the Ir-FeO thickness. Low-temperature perpendicular exchange bias was observed in the samples with an Ir-FeO thickness of 5 nm or less, when it cooled from 360 K in an external magnetic field of 1 T perpendicular to the sample surface. For 5 nm-thick Ir-FeO, a maximum exchange bias value of 1200 Oe was obtained at 200 K.