Pharmacological Nephroprotection in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Clinical Practice Position Statement of the Polish Society of Nephrology.

Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are modern epidemics worldwide and have become a severe public health problem. Chronic kidney disease progression in T2D patients is linked to the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation and represents the risk factor predisposing to serious cardiovascular complications. In recent years, important progress has occurred in nephroprotective pharmacotherapy in CKD patients with T2D.

Plasma FGF21 Concentration in Kidney Transplant Patients-Results from Prospective and Cross-Sectional Studies.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a protein hormone involved in physiological conditions in the regulation of energy expenditure and several metabolic processes. The aim of this present study was to analyze the effect of successful kidney transplantations on the plasma FGF21 concentration and to study the factors which may influence plasma FGF21 concentration in patients in long time after kidney transplantation. This study consisted of two independent parts.

The Role of Probiotics in the Prevention of Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

In patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD), substantial unfavourable alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition, i.e., dysbiosis, have been noted.

Hyponatremia in patients with arterial hypertension: pathophysiology and management.

Sodium is the main cation in the extracellular space. In physiological conditions, sodium concentration in plasma is 135-145 mmol/l. The kidneys play the most important role in the regulation of sodium homeostasis.