Cost-effectiveness of AI for pediatric diabetic eye exams from a health system perspective.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) for pediatric diabetic retinal disease (DRD) screening has demonstrated safety, effectiveness, and the potential to enhance health equity and clinician productivity. We examined the cost-effectiveness of an autonomous AI strategy versus a traditional eye care provider (ECP) strategy during the initial year of implementation from a health system perspective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was the main outcome measure.

Mitigation of AI adoption bias through an improved autonomous AI system for diabetic retinal disease.

Where adopted, Autonomous artificial Intelligence (AI) for Diabetic Retinal Disease (DRD) resolves longstanding racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities, but AI adoption bias persists. This preregistered trial determined sensitivity and specificity of a previously FDA authorized AI, improved to compensate for lower contrast and smaller imaged area of a widely adopted, lower cost, handheld fundus camera (RetinaVue700, Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) to identify DRD in participants with diabetes without known DRD, in primary care. In 626 participants (1252 eyes) 50.

Sterile Caliper Anterior Chamber Decompression Mitigates Intraocular Pressure Spikes in Intravitreal Injections.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a novel approach using a sterile caliper for anterior chamber (AC) decompression in reducing post-intravitreal injection (IVI) intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes.

Methods: A prospective interventional case series conducted at the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) with Institutional Review Board approval. Patients were randomized to receive conventional IVI or IVI with sterile caliper decompression.

Progressive inner retinal neurodegeneration in non-proliferative macular telangiectasia type 2.

Purpose: Patients with non-proliferative macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) have ganglion cell layer (GCL) and nerve fibre layer (NFL) loss, but it is unclear whether the thinning is progressive. We quantified the change in retinal layer thickness over time in MacTel with and without diabetes.

Methods: In this retrospective, multicentre, comparative case series, subjects with MacTel with at least two optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scans separated by >9 months OCTs were segmented using the Iowa Reference Algorithms.

Ethical Considerations in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials of Artificial Intelligence.

Importance: Safe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical settings often requires randomized clinical trials (RCT) to compare AI efficacy with conventional care. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is at the forefront of clinical AI applications, marked by the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) De Novo authorization for an autonomous AI for such use.

Objective: To determine the generalizability of the 7 ethical research principles for clinical trials endorsed by the National Institute of Health (NIH), and identify ethical concerns unique to clinical trials of AI.