Thyroid disorders in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a meta-analysis.

Background: Thyroid disorders have significant clinical sequelae, including impaired growth in children, metabolic abnormalities, and impaired cognitive function. However, available studies on burden of thyroid diseases in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly its prevalence and its interaction with HIV related factors (like CD4 count), are controversial. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis on the extent of thyroid dysfunctions in this population.

Histological and radiographic assessment of the regenerative potential of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a novel direct pulp capping material in an animal model.

Background: This study aimed to assess the histological and radiographic effects of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a direct pulp capping (DPC) agent in immature permanent dog premolars.

Methods: A split-mouth design was employed with three healthy 4-month-old Mongrel dogs, each having 36 premolars. The premolars were randomly assigned to either SHMP or MTA.

Leaving no one behind: Gender inequality, economic inequality, and organizational entrenchment of nurses in remote areas of Egypt.

Aim: This study investigates the association between gender inequality, economic inequality, and organizational entrenchment among nurses serving in remote areas.

Background: Egypt ranks low in gender equity across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In the culture of nursing, gender-based discrimination is among the factors that can further hamper nurses' economic advancement and adversely affect organizational entrenchment.

Ureteral access sheath or percutaneous nephrostomy during flexible ureteroscopy: which is better?

Studies in literature discussed the drawbacks of the ureteral access sheath use in flexible ureteroscopy and in the same time mentioned the benefits of ureteral access sheath in decreasing the incidence of urosepsis and better stone free rate. In the current study we aim to compare between percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCN) insertion before flexible ureteroscopy and conventional ureteral access sheath (UAS) flexible ureteroscopy in terms of safety, efficacy and perioperative outcomes. In all, 100 Patients aged 20 to 67 years with upper ureteric stones and mild hydronephrosis or renal pelvic stones less than 20 mm with mild hydronephrosis were randomized into 2 groups; patients undergoing PCN insertion before flexible ureteroscopy, and patients undergoing the conventional UAS flexible ureteroscopy.