The immunoglobulin A isotype of the Arabian camel () preserves the dualistic structure of unconventional single-domain and canonical heavy chains.

Introduction: The evolution of adaptive immunity in resulted in the concurrent expression of classic heterotetrameric and unconventional homodimeric heavy chain-only IgG antibodies. Heavy chain-only IgG bears a single variable domain and lacks the constant heavy (C) γ1 domain required for pairing with the light chain. It has not been reported whether this distinctive feature of IgG is also observed in the IgA isotype.

Developmental events in the lung of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): Morphological, histochemical and electron-microscopic studies.

The lung of birds is the most complex and efficient gas exchanger in the air-breathing vertebrates. A total number of 27 normal Japanese quail embryos during the pre-hatching period were used. The current work aimed to investigate the histomorphological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes of the lung at different stages of development using light and electron microscopy.

Arthroscopy of the fetlock joint of the dromedary camel.

Objectives: To describe a technique for arthroscopy of the fetlock joint of the dromedary camel, and the problems that could occur during and after arthroscopy.

Methods: Seven animals (4 cadaveric limbs and 3 living camels) were used in this study. Two dorsal arthroscopic portals (lateral and medial) and one palmaro-lateral portal were used.

Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) family: transcripts and gene amplicons in camelids.

In this study, the placental localization of PAG-like transcripts and genomic existence of PAG-like amplicons in new-world (Lp, Lama pacos, alpaca) and old-world camelids (Cb, Camelus bactrianus, bactrian; Cd, Camelus dromedarius; dromedary) are reported for the first time. Sections of Lp (150-347 days post coitum), Cd (43-90 cm crown-rump length) and Cb (term) placentas were used for heterologous (ht; cross-species) autoradiographic in situ hybridization (aISH) with single-stranded diagnostic (antisense) or control (sense) [alpha-(35)S]dATP-labeled 323 nt porcine PAG8 (pPAG8) cDNA probes produced by asymmetric PCRs. The aISH with antisense (35)S-pPAG8 probe identified camelid PAG-like (LpPAG, CbPAG and CdPAG) mRNA expression restricted to chorionic epithelium cells within placentas of camelids.

Immunohistochemical localization of oestrogen receptors alpha and beta, progesterone receptor and aromatase in the equine placenta.

The functions of placental oestrogens during equine pregnancy are still unclear. Yet, they may act predominantly as local regulators of growth and differentiation in the microplacentomes. Thus, expression patterns of oestrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta were investigated in the microcotyledonary placenta from pregnant mares at 110, 121, 179, 199 and 309 days of gestation by immunohistochemistry.