A CD40 targeting peptide prevents severe symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

CD40/CD154-interaction is critical in the development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE; mouse model of Multiple Sclerosis). Culprit CD4CD40 T cells drive a more severe form of EAE than conventional CD4 T cells. Blocking CD40/CD154-interaction with CD154-antibody prevents or ameliorates disease but had thrombotic complications in clinical trials.

CD40-mediated signalling influences trafficking, T-cell receptor expression, and T-cell pathogenesis, in the NOD model of type 1 diabetes.

CD40 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The mechanism of action, however, is undetermined, probably because CD40 expression has been grossly underestimated. CD40 is expressed on numerous cell types that now include T cells and pancreatic β cells.

Th40 cells (CD4+CD40+ Tcells) drive a more severe form of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis than conventional CD4 T cells.

CD40-CD154 interaction is critically involved in autoimmune diseases, and CD4 T cells play a dominant role in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). CD4 T cells expressing CD40 (Th40) are pathogenic in type I diabetes but have not been evaluated in EAE. We demonstrate here that Th40 cells drive a rapid, more severe EAE disease course than conventional CD4 T cells.

Stepwise approach to laparoscopic hysterectomy: evaluation of technique and cost benefit.

This article examines factors associated with performing a laparoscopic hysterectomy in a stepwise fashion and addresses the technique and cost effectiveness of this procedure compared with abdominal hysterectomy. We review techniques of the laparoscopic hysterectomy as well difficulties that may be encountered throughout the procedure. The hysterectomy is profiled in a method that provides a reproducible system that allows surgeons to increase their surgical numbers and comfort level.

Secondary amenorrhea resulting from traumatic separation of the cervix from the uterine corpus.

Background: Amenorrhea resulting from crushing trauma of the pelvis is exceptionally rare. The purpose of this case report is to describe the diagnosis of and successful surgical correction of traumatic separation of the cervix from the uterine corpus.

Case: A nulligravida presented with a complaint of secondary amenorrhea after a motor vehicle accident in which she sustained a crush-type injury to the pelvis.