Influenza a Virus Detection at the Human-Swine Interface in US Midwest Swine Farms.

This study evaluated influenza A virus (IAV) detection and genetic diversity over time, specifically at the human-swine interface in breeding and nursery farms. Active surveillance was performed monthly in five swine farms in the Midwest United States targeting the employees, the prewean piglets at sow farms, and the same cohort of piglets in downstream nurseries. In addition, information was collected at enrollment for each employee and farm to assess production management practices, IAV vaccination status, diagnostic procedures, and biosecurity.

Computationally Optimized Hemagglutinin Proteins Adjuvanted with Infectimune Generate Broadly Protective Antibody Responses in Mice and Ferrets.

Standard-of-care influenza vaccines contain antigens that are typically derived from components of wild type (WT) influenza viruses. Often, these antigens elicit strain-specific immune responses and are susceptible to mismatch in seasons where antigenic drift is prevalent. Thanks to advances in viral surveillance and sequencing, influenza vaccine antigens can now be optimized using computationally derived methodologies and algorithms to enhance their immunogenicity.

Assessment of the Variability in the Occurrence of PFAS in Fish Tissues from Selected Fisheries in the Baltic Sea.

In this study, the results of a comprehensive assessment of the variability in the occurrence of ten perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) in fish tissues originating from 2014 to 2019 from six fisheries in the Baltic Sea are presented. A total of 360 fish samples of three species (perch, herring and flatfish) were analysed. For the determination of PFAS, both linear and branched stereoisomers, LC-ESI-MS/MS technique preceded by simultaneous SPE isolation was validated and applied.

Senescence-like Phenotype After Chronic Exposure to Isoproterenol in Primary Quiescent Immune Cells.

Chronic stress is associated with a higher risk for carcinogenesis as well as age-related diseases and immune dysfunction. There is evidence showing that psychological stress can contribute to premature immunosenescence. Therefore, the question arose whether chronic exposure to catecholamine could drive immune cells into senescence.

Greater improvement in insulin sensitivity per unit weight loss associated with tirzepatide versus semaglutide: An exploratory analysis.

Aims: To explore the relationship between weight loss and insulin sensitivity in response to tirzepatide or semaglutide.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a post hoc exploratory analysis of a 28-week, double-blind, randomized trial in people with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, randomized to tirzepatide 15 mg, semaglutide 1 mg or placebo. We evaluated the relationship between change in body weight and change in insulin sensitivity determined from hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (M value), or from mixed-meal tolerance testing (Matsuda index).