Involvement of Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. To study its underlying mechanisms, a variety of models are currently used at the cellular level and in animals with mutations in multiple ALS associated genes, including SOD1, C9ORF72, TDP-43, and FUS. Key mechanisms involved in the disease include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammatory, and immune reactions.

The Sphingolipid Asset Is Altered in the Nigrostriatal System of Mice Models of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease incurable due to late diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, one of the priorities of neurology is to study the mechanisms of PD pathogenesis at the preclinical and early clinical stages. Given the important role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, we aimed to analyze the gene expression of key sphingolipid metabolism enzymes (ASAH1, ASAH2, CERS1, CERS3, CERS5, GBA1, SMPD1, SMPD2, UGCG) and the content of 32 sphingolipids (subspecies of ceramides, sphingomyelins, monohexosylceramides and sphinganine, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) in the nigrostriatal system in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse models of the preclinical and clinical stages of PD.

[The role of sphingolipids in pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord and motor cortex and brain stem. The key features of the course of this disease are excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuro-inflammatory and immune reactions. Recently, the mechanisms of programmed cell death (apoptosis), which may be responsible for the degeneration of motor neurons in this disease, have been intensively studied.

[Development of early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and comprehensive economic analysis of the effect of its implementation].

The paper summarizes the literature and author's data on the development of early (preclinical) diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Implementation of this diagnosis will promote the use of preventive therapy and change investments in diagnosis and treatment of patients. The paper declares that at present the only approach to early diagnosis of PD is positron-emission tomography of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, but it cannot be used for preventive examination due to its high cost.

[Development of early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease based on the search for biomarkers such as premotor symptoms and changes in blood].

Objective: To determine changes in the chemical composition of blood plasma in subjects at risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) at the prodromal stage compared with age control.

Material And Methods: Subjects at risk were selected for the presence of characteristic premotor symptoms, including impairments of sleep, olfaction and constipation.The risk group included 12 people, the control group - 8 people.