Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors.

[HIV prevalence among homosexual and bisexual men in Spain, 1992-2000].

Background: Our purpose was to describe the time trend in HIV seroprevalence among homo/ bisexual men.

Subjects And Method: We analyzed 9,383 homo/ bisexual men who had a first voluntary test for HIV in 10 Spanish clinics from 1992 to 2000.

Results: HIV prevalence decreased from 20.

[Trends in human immunodeficiency virus infection prevalence in homosexual/bisexual men in Madrid (1986-1995)].

Background: We analysed the trend in seroprevalence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in homosexual or bisexual men who voluntary requested the test in a sexually transmitted disease/HIV clinic in Madrid.

Patients And Methods: We studied 5,424 homo/bisexual non-injecting drug user (non-IDU) men, who came for the first time since 1986 to 1995. We analysed the HIV seroprevalence taken into account the year, age and exchange of sex by money.

[Heterosexual transmission of HIV infection, Madrid 1987].

Seven males of 132 (5%) and 9 females of 85 (10%) out of 217 heterosexual individuals without addiction to drugs or previous blood transfusion who attended a STD clinic in Madrid because they had high risk sexual partners were found to have antiHIV antibodies by ELISA and immunofluorescence (CNMVIS). However, when variables such as sex, promiscuity and sexual habits were correlated with HIV infection, significant differences were not found between seropositive and seronegative individuals (kappa 2, p greater than 0.05).