Correction: Efficiency, market concentration and bank performance during the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from the MENA region.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Efficiency, market concentration and bank performance during the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from the MENA region.

This study aims to contribute to the existing literature that explores the impact of market concentration on bank efficiency in emerging economies. Using a sample of 225 banks in 18 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 2006-2020, we empirically investigate the significance of this relationship. Since the evidence of concentration effect on efficiency during the COVID-19 outbreak is ambiguous, we test the hypothesis that the efficiency is positively affected by the level of banking market concentration in the MENA region.

Competition, capital growth and risk-taking in emerging markets: Policy implications for banking sector stability during COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper investigates how banking competition and capital level impact on the risk-taking behavior of banking institutions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The topic is perceived to be of significant importance during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use data for more than 225 banks in 18 countries in the MENA region to test whether increased competition causes banks to hold higher capital ratios.

Our Definition of Propeller Flaps and Their Classification.

The term was introduced for the first time by Hyakusoku to define an island flap, based on a subcutaneous pedicle hub, that was rotated 90 degrees to correct scar contractures due to burns. With the popularization of perforator flaps, the propeller movement was applied for the first time to a skin island vascularized only by an isolated perforator, and the terms and were used together. Thereafter, the surgical technique of propeller flaps evolved and new applications developed.

Reconstruction of elbow skin and soft tissue defects using perforator-pedicled propeller flaps.

Background: The elbow is a challenging region to reconstruct functionally. Several closure methods for elbow wounds have been reported, including flap surgery. Here, we present the results obtained using a propeller flap pedicled by a posterior ulnar recurrence artery perforator (PURAP) or a radial collateral artery perforator (RCAP) for functional reconstruction of soft tissue defects in elbows.