Revealing molecular mechanisms of early-onset tongue cancer by spatial transcriptomics.

Tongue cancer at a young age demonstrates an increase in incidence, aggressiveness, and poor response to therapy. Classic etiological factors for head and neck tumors such as tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus are not related to early-onset tongue cancer. Mechanisms of development and progression of this cancer remain unclear.

Genetic Features of Tongue Cancer Recurrence in Young Adults.

To identify genetic alterations associated with tongue cancer recurrence in young adults, whole exome sequencing of the primary tumor, recurrence, and whole blood samples from young patients with tongue cancer was performed. A frameshift mutation in the TP53 gene was detected in the primary tumor and recurrence tumor tissue. A mutation in the EPHB6 gene was detected in the recurrence and was absent in the primary tumor.

[Oropharyngeal cancer: the aspects of surgical treatment].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy and surgical treatment of the patients presenting with oropharyngeal cancer depending on the character of the tumorigenic process, the intensity of radiotherapy, and time of the surgical intervention. The study included 47 patients who underwent routine clinical examination, endoscopic study, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and evaluation of oropharyngeal conditions under general anesthesia. It was shown that the mode of surgical approach (largely median mandibulotomy) is of primary importance for the surgical intervention in the oropharyngeal region and its plastic reconstruction.

[Cryoradiation therapy of the patients presenting with locally advanced auricular skin cancer].

The objective of the present work was to improve the efficacy of treatment of locally advanced auricular skin cancer with the use of the newly proposed combined method including cryogenic and radiotherapy. The choice of the optimal temporal and thermal parameters of combined cryoradiotherapy was based on the results of previous experimental and theoretical investigations. Each radiation treatment session was immediately preceded by local cooling of the tumour down to 0°C - minus 5°C with a nitrogen vapour.

[Comparison of methods of reconstructive vascular and microvascular surgery used in management of tumors].

Choice of procedure of treatment of defects of reconstructive surgery for locally advanced tumors is discussed. Part 1 deals with use of autovenous vessels and synthetic prosthetics for management of chief artery defects, while Part 2--with bone, soft tissue and skin defects as well as combination defects. Experience with application of free grafts and flaps in microvascular anastomosis is evaluated and relevant recommendations are given.