Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting girls, characterized by normal early development followed by regression in communication and motor skills, alongside distinct hand movements.
Recent findings reveal that most cases are linked to mutations in the MeCP2 gene, which plays a crucial role in gene expression regulation by binding to specific DNA sequences.
The clinical presentation of Rett syndrome varies significantly, influenced by factors like random X-inactivation and the specific type of MeCP2 mutation, leading to differences in severity and symptoms among affected individuals.