Double-Negative T-Cells during Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections and Following Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation.

HIV infection significantly affects the frequencies and functions of immunoregulatory CD3CD4CD8 double-negative (DN) T-cells, while the effect of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on these cells remains understudied. DN T-cell subsets were analyzed prospectively in 10 HIV+ individuals during acute infection and following early ART initiation compared to 20 HIV-uninfected controls. In this study, 21 Rhesus macaques (RMs) were SIV-infected, of which 13 were assessed during acute infection and 8 following ART initiation four days post-infection.

Altered memory CCR6 Th17-polarised T-cell function and biology in people with HIV under successful antiretroviral therapy and HIV elite controllers.

Background: Despite successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), frequencies and immunological functions of memory CCR6 Th17-polarised CD4 T-cells are not fully restored in people with HIV (PWH). Moreover, long-lived Th17 cells contribute to HIV persistence under ART. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations remain understudied.

Plasma endocannabinoidome and fecal microbiota interplay in people with HIV and subclinical coronary artery disease: Results from the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study.

Chronic HIV infection is associated with accelerated coronary artery disease (CAD) due to chronic inflammation. The expanded endocannabinoid system (eCBome) and gut microbiota modulate each other and are key regulators of cardiovascular functions and inflammation. We herein investigated the interplay between plasma eCBome mediators and gut microbiota in people with HIV (PWH) and/or subclinical CAD versus HIV-uninfected individuals.

Dynamics of pulmonary mucosal cytotoxic CD8 T-cells in people living with HIV under suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) suffer from a high burden of pulmonary diseases, even after accounting for their smoking status. Cytotoxic CD8 T-cells are likely implicated in this phenomenon and may act as a double-edged sword. While being essential in viral infection control, their hyperactivation can also contribute to lung mucosal tissue damage.