Epigenetic stress memory in gymnosperms.

Gymnosperms are long-lived, cone-bearing seed plants that include some of the most ancient extant plant species. These relict land plants have evolved to survive in habitats marked by chronic or episodic stress. Their ability to thrive in these environments is partly due to their phenotypic flexibility, and epigenetic regulation likely plays a crucial part in this plasticity.

Epitype-inducing temperatures drive DNA methylation changes during somatic embryogenesis in the long-lived gymnosperm Norway spruce.

An epigenetic memory of the temperature sum experienced during embryogenesis is part of the climatic adaptation strategy of the long-lived gymnosperm Norway spruce. This memory has a lasting effect on the timing of bud phenology and frost tolerance in the resulting epitype trees. The epigenetic memory is well characterized phenotypically and at the transcriptome level, but to what extent DNA methylation changes are involved have not previously been determined.

Major transcriptomic differences are induced by warmer temperature conditions experienced during asexual and sexual reproduction in ecotypes.

A major challenge for plants in a rapidly changing climate is to adapt to rising temperatures. Some plants adapt to temperature conditions by generating an epigenetic memory that can be transmitted both meiotically and mitotically. Such epigenetic memories may increase phenotypic variation to global warming and provide time for adaptation to occur through classical genetic selection.

Low-dose sublingual fentanyl improves quality of life in patients with breakthrough cancer pain in palliative care.

This subanalysis of the CAVIDIOPAL study evaluated the impact of individualized management of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) with fentanyl on the quality of life (QoL) of advanced cancer patients in Spanish palliative care units. This was a prospective, observational, multicenter study. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's QLQ-C30 questionnaire was used at baseline (V0) and visit 28 (V28).

Immunochemical Detection of Modified Species of Cytosine in Plant Tissues.

Methylated cytosine (5-methylcytosine) is the most studied epigenetic mark involved in the regulation of gene expression. Although it displays highly variable dynamics during plant ontogenesis, it is possible to gain a fine spatial perspective with immunohistochemistry techniques that use specific antibodies and fluorochromes. Besides, there are other cytosine modifications described in plants, although their biological significance is still unknown (i.