Femtosecond pulse amplification on a chip.

Femtosecond laser pulses enable the synthesis of light across the electromagnetic spectrum and provide access to ultrafast phenomena in physics, biology, and chemistry. Chip-integration of femtosecond technology could revolutionize applications such as point-of-care diagnostics, bio-medical imaging, portable chemical sensing, or autonomous navigation. However, current chip-integrated pulse sources lack the required peak power, and on-chip amplification of femtosecond pulses has been an unresolved challenge.

Proven anti-virulence therapies in combating methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant infections.

Introduction: Despite years of efforts to develop new antibiotics for eradicating multidrug-resistant (MDR) and multi-virulent Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant (VRSA) infections, treatment failures and poor prognoses in most cases have been common. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches targeting virulence arrays. Our aim is to discover new anti-virulence therapies targeting MRSA and VRSA virulence arrays.

Ultraviolet astronomical spectrograph calibration with laser frequency combs from nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides.

Astronomical precision spectroscopy underpins searches for life beyond Earth, direct observation of the expanding Universe and constraining the potential variability of physical constants on cosmological scales. Laser frequency combs can provide the required accurate and precise calibration to the astronomical spectrographs. For cosmological studies, extending the calibration with such astrocombs to the ultraviolet spectral range is desirable, however, strong material dispersion and large spectral separation from the established infrared laser oscillators have made this challenging.

The impact of glenohumeral bone loss on range of motion in patients with anterior shoulder instability.

Background: Loss of shoulder range of motion (ROM) is common after surgical management of anterior shoulder instability; however, it remains unclear to what degree this is related to their injury.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare passive shoulder ROM in patients with ASI to a normal contralateral shoulder.

Methods: A total of 121 patients undergoing stabilization surgery were prospectively enrolled.

The Effect of Annotation Quality on Wear Semantic Segmentation by CNN.

In this work, we investigate the impact of annotation quality and domain expertise on the performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for semantic segmentation of wear on titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN) coated end mills. Using an innovative measurement system and customized CNN architecture, we found that domain expertise significantly affects model performance. Annotator 1 achieved maximum mIoU scores of 0.